Recorded offences in 2000 and the latest available year.
Cited official dataOfficial statistics — ONS, police recorded crime, the 2021 Census, the Forced Marriage Unit — as cited in the report.
Source: ONS (UK); Polish national police / Statista (Poland) — as cited in the report
Rapes per 100,000 residents
Approximate recent per-capita rate, as cited in the report.
Cited official dataOfficial statistics — ONS, police recorded crime, the 2021 Census, the Forced Marriage Unit — as cited in the report.
The report attributes the UK’s divergence to immigration patterns since 1997.
Source: ONS (UK); Polish national police, ~38m population — as cited in the report
Offender ethnicity
Quilliam Foundation analysis of 264 grooming-gang convictions, 2005–2017.
Cited researchThird-party research or analysis cited in the report (e.g. the Quilliam Foundation, name-analysis studies), not an official statistic.
84%
South Asian
The report does not break offenders down by country, but describes the South Asian share as “the vast majority Pakistani Muslim.” Its only by-country figures are for forced marriage (right).
Source: Quilliam Foundation, Group-Based Child Sexual Exploitation (2017) — as cited in the report
Forced marriage by focus country (2023)
Share of the 280 Forced Marriage Unit cases where a focus country was recorded.
Cited official dataOfficial statistics — ONS, police recorded crime, the 2021 Census, the Forced Marriage Unit — as cited in the report.
Source: Forced Marriage Unit statistics (Home Office / FCDO), 2023 — as cited in the report
Where it happened
Every local-authority district the report shades as confirmed or suspected, with the locations it names by case. Hover a district or marker for detail.
Report dataThe report's own figure, estimate or national extrapolation — not an independently verified count.
149
districts affected
~40%
of all UK districts
Loading map…
District shading is digitised from the report’s own map on p.14 (view the original) and is approximate. The report states abuse occurred in at least 149 districts.
Quotations reproduced from the report — survivors, their families, officials and the inquiry itself. Some testimony is distressing.
“If we extrapolate nationally the Jay report on Rotherham and other reports from Telford and Oxford, there appear to have been upwards of 250,000 young white girls raped in this century, very largely by Muslim men, usually several times a day for years.”
— Lord Pearson of Rannoch, House of Lords (2019) — origin of the 250,000 figure
“It is simply not possible to know the scale.”
— IICSA & local inquiries (2022–2025), quoted in the report — ethnicity, group offending and historical cases went unrecorded
“98% of them were Pakistani Muslim. If not, they were Iraqi Muslim or Kurdish.”
— ‘Michelle’, survivor — on her abusers
“You can’t describe them as Asian men because that’s racist. You should just be glad your child is being taught a different culture.”
— Police call handler, to a missing girl’s mother
“White British people were described as ‘white trash,’ and white girls as ‘English pig-dogs.’ They boasted of receiving ‘free money’ from the British state.”
— ‘Jen’, survivor — on the perpetrators’ attitudes
“I will never forget being told by police officers that if she carried on as she was, she would end up either dead or raped. Despite saying this, they did not recognise her as a victim.”
— Parent of a survivor
“On the day of the trial, we were told the case had been dropped. We were told only that the perpetrator had a very good solicitor. No written explanation was ever provided.”
— Parent of a survivor
“In 2022, my daughters found their sister deceased in her flat. She was 33 years old. She died alone. I believe that the grooming, rape, institutional failures and collapse of the justice process directly contributed to my daughter’s death.”
— Parent of a survivor
“The FMU does not record data on religion; no major faith in the UK advocates forced marriage.”
— Forced Marriage Unit statement — quoted, and challenged, in the report
“I want the institutions to say: we hold our hands up, we believe you and we’re sorry. I gave up getting justice a long time ago, but just for it to be recognised and believed, that’s all I want.”
— Rape gang survivor
“I feel sick knowing that it’s still going on — that nobody’s wanting to do anything about it even now in 2026. We’re still having this conversation.”
— Rape gang survivor
“The worst people that exist in this situation, apart from the perpetrators of that horrendous abuse, are the people that sat in those positions within those authorities that had every opportunity to do something about it and chose not to.”
— Rape gang survivor
“If I can save just even one more child, girl or boy, from going through any of this, then I’ve done my job.”
— ‘Chloe’, survivor
The survivors
Eight accounts reconstructed from testimony in the report. Names are the report’s pseudonyms.
Content warning. These accounts describe the rape, trafficking and torture of children in explicit terms, exactly as documented in the report. They are deeply distressing.
Chloe
Abuse began at 10 · stepfather, then Pakistani taxi drivers and a man posing as her boyfriend
After her father died just before her tenth birthday, Chloe moved in with her mother and a stepfather she describes as a “paedophile.” He supplied her with alcohol and cigarettes “to keep her quiet” and raped her repeatedly. Her mother caught him in the shower with Chloe and “closed the door and walked out.”
Truanting in the town centre, she was approached by groups of Muslim men — mostly Pakistani taxi drivers aged 20 to over 50 — who bought the girls alcohol and “mapped out” whether they were vulnerable. An uncle she trusted also sexually assaulted her; when her mother reported it, police accused Chloe of lying. With no adult left to turn to, she was drawn deeper in: drugged and taken “house after house” and raped by “guy after guy after guy.”
Her photograph was once shown on TV as a missing child; her abusers taunted her with it. She eventually escaped her home town and, years later, rebuilt her life.
“If I can save just even one more child, girl or boy, from going through any of this, then I’ve done my job.”
System failure: Police accused her of lying when her uncle’s assault was reported, leaving a child with no adult left to trust.
Jane
Groomed at 13 by her mother’s drug dealer · later sold to a group of men at 16
Jane’s mother’s drug dealer groomed her over Facebook after learning she was self-harming. He arrived at her father’s house with a kosh, told the 13-year-old to strip, said “you may be 13, but you’ve got the body of a woman,” and raped her. He then abused her “every day apart from the weekends” for months, plying her with valium and cannabis.
When she finally disclosed — telling her drunk mother “because I am being fucked by a 50-year-old man and nobody has noticed” — police insisted the 13-year-old testify alone against him. Too frightened, she didn’t, and he was never prosecuted. Her father called her a “whore,” said he “wished she would just hurry up and kill herself,” and when she attempted suicide told her to “try harder next time.”
Left homeless and moved through foster and residential care, Jane was later taken to a flat in Hounslow by a coercive peer and told she was being sold for sex to six or seven Somali men.
System failure: Teachers forced her out of the school where she hid from her abuser; police demanded a 13-year-old face her rapist alone, so he walked free.
Kate
Raped at 12 · blackmailed into “jobs” — webcam abuse, “parties,” “red rooms”
After her rape was filmed at age 12, Kate was blackmailed: comply, or the video goes to her family. Told she now “worked” for the gang, she was forced into webcam abuse that earned them money, and punished if a livestream didn’t make enough.
When she reported the assault, police took the 12-year-old into an interview room without her mother and told her this was her “last chance” to say it wasn’t true, warning she would be arrested if any detail couldn’t be proved. Overwhelmed, she recanted; it was logged as a withdrawn complaint. Later, explicit messages between Kate and adult men were found — police concluded the 13-year-old was engaging “consensually.”
She was raped multiple times a week, sometimes two to four times a day, in what the gang called “jobs,” “parties,” “cop nights,” and “red rooms.” She once watched another girl being “broken in” and offered to take the “jobs” instead; the men beat and raped her for it. Kate attempted suicide more than once.
System failure: Police pressured a traumatised 12-year-old into withdrawing her rape report, then recorded a 13-year-old’s abuse by adult men as “consensual.”
Jen
Targeted online at 13 · trafficked at 17 by an Iraqi Kurdish gang of illegal migrants
Neglected and bullied — once made to sit in soiled clothes all day after a teacher refused her the toilet — Jen came to believe she was “not worth protecting.” At 13, adult men contacted her online; one encouraged her to insert a knife into her vagina.
At 17 she was introduced to a gang of Iraqi Kurdish Muslim men, all illegal migrants, who trafficked her across the Midlands and raped her at “parties.” On one occasion she was anally raped in a park. The men called white Britons “white trash” and white girls “English pig-dogs,” boasted of “free money” from the British state, and forced her to fill in their asylum benefit applications.
Pregnant at 18 by rape, she was forcibly converted to Islam and married by an imam — without her consent — in a flat converted into a mosque. The father, an Iraqi illegal migrant who had claimed asylum on the basis that he could not safely return, repeatedly took their daughter to Iraq, where she was exposed to AK-47s. When Jen reported it, police called it a “civil matter.”
System failure: Her disclosures were reframed as “relationship issues” or “cultural matters” and dismissed; the threat to take her child abroad was called a civil matter.
Fiona
In care at 13 · groomed by Pakistani men aged 24–45 · “party houses” of 10–20 men
Fiona entered care at 13, placed in a children’s home already flagged as high-risk for exploitation in a TV documentary. Her abusers — men she estimates were 24 to 45 — sat in cars outside, chatted openly with staff, and phoned the home to ask about the girls.
She was repeatedly raped in a “party house” where 10 to 20 men gathered at a time; the girls were called “white slags” while Pakistani girls were kept “pure” for marriage. The gang tried to traffic her to Kashmir, foiled only because she had no passport. The home was paid £5,000 a week to care for her.
When her mother reported her missing and mentioned abuse by Asian men, a police call handler replied: “You can’t describe them as Asian men because that’s racist. You should just be glad your child is being taught a different culture.” An officer once returned Fiona to the abusers’ house and told the men to “have fun with her.”
“You should just be glad your child is being taught a different culture.”
System failure: A care worker was told logging the abusers’ number plates was “above her pay grade”; police returned Fiona to her abusers and told them to “have fun with her.”
Anna
Children’s home, Bradford, 2002 · raped from 13 · forced into a sharia marriage at 15
Anna was raped and abused from the age of 13 in a Bradford children’s home. At 15 she was forced into a sharia marriage — and her own social worker attended the ceremony.
After she became pregnant, the same social worker allowed her husband’s parents to foster her, with the family collecting a state fostering allowance. Anna described “domestic slavery,” treated “like a maid” and sexually abused by dozens of men.
System failure: A social worker attended the forced marriage of a 15-year-old to her abuser, then signed off on the abuser’s family fostering her for state money.
Sarah
Kidnapped · forced to learn the Quran and cook for her abusers
Sarah was made to learn the Quran in Arabic, permitted to speak only Urdu and Punjabi, and forced to cook and clean for the gang members who abused her.
After she reported her kidnapping, a Muslim police officer switched off the tape recorder and told her to drop the allegations for “lack of evidence.” She later learned that officer had himself been imprisoned for child sex offences.
System failure: The officer who took her report turned off the recorder and told her to drop it — and was later jailed for child sex offences himself.
Michelle
Pregnant four times as a child · says she was raped by 600–700 men
Michelle became pregnant four times as a child as a result of rape, leading to miscarriages, one abortion and one surviving child. She says she was raped by between six and seven hundred different men.
She describes a nationwide network — “industrial” in scale, a central hub with smaller connected groups in each locality — that she believes stayed untouchable because authorities feared being called racist.
“98% of them were Pakistani Muslim. If not, they were Iraqi Muslim or Kurdish.”
System failure: Fear of being labelled racist meant a network operating across the entire country went unchallenged for years.
Patterns & insights
The recurring method, the institutional failures, the long history, and what the report demands.
The grooming playbook
The same six-step pattern, town after town.
1
Target & love-bomb
Befriend a vulnerable child — often in care, truanting, or already abused — treat her “like an adult,” and shower her with attention, gifts and compliments.
2
Hook with substances
Supply alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and harder drugs to build dependency and, in the abusers’ words, “keep her quiet.”
3
Isolate & move
Collect her by taxi from school gates, care homes and streets; cut her off from family and anyone who might intervene.
4
Rape & degrade
Pass her between groups of men at houses, flats, restaurants and hotels; rape her repeatedly — often several times a day.
5
Trap with blackmail
Film the abuse and threaten to share it; tell her she now “works” for the gang and must stay contactable.
6
Traffic & control
Move her between towns and cities; in many cases force conversion to Islam, “marriage,” and pregnancy or coerced abortion.
How the system failed
Documented failures of police, councils and care.
✕Police told a mother she “can’t describe them as Asian men because that’s racist.”
✕An officer returned a girl to her abusers and told the men to “have fun with her.”
✕Child victims were threatened with arrest and pressured into withdrawing rape reports.
✕Abuse of children by adult men was logged as “consensual.”
✕Cases were dropped on the day of trial with no written explanation given.
✕Ethnicity and group offending went unrecorded to protect “community cohesion.”
✕Records were concealed or destroyed — in places for nearly 40 years.
✕A social worker attended a 15-year-old’s forced marriage to her abuser.
A 70-year pattern
From the first recorded case to testimony that it continues today.
1948
British Nationality Act opens large-scale Commonwealth immigration.
1955
First recorded Pakistani rape-gang case: four Bradford men charged with raping a 15-year-old.
1997
Tony Blair’s government begins an era of mass immigration; the report says abuse escalates.
1997–2013
At least 1,400 children abused in Rotherham — later exposed by the 2014 Jay Report.
2022
Telford Inquiry confirms more than 1,000 victims over decades.
Survivors testify that the abuse is still going on.
Major operations & inquiries
The principal named police operations and public inquiries, with their reported scale.
Town
Operation / inquiry
Years
Convicted
Known victims
Perpetrators
Rotherham
Jay Report · Op. Stovewood
1997–2013
20+ (ongoing)
≥1,400
Mainly British-Pakistani
Telford
Telford Inquiry · Op. Chalice
1980s–2010s
7+ (Chalice)
1,000+
Mainly British-Pakistani
Oxford
Operation Bullfinch
2004–2013
7 (2013)
~370 identified
Pakistani, N. & E. African
Newcastle
Op. Sanctuary / Shelter
2014–2017
18 (incl. 1 woman)
~278 (700+ potential)
Diverse Muslim backgrounds
Rochdale
Operation Span
2008–2012
9 (2012)
47
British-Pakistani & Afghan
Derby
Operation Retriever
2008–2010
13
27
Mainly British-Pakistani
Bristol
Operation Brooke
2012–2014
13 (2014)
7+
Somali-origin
Huddersfield
West Yorkshire trials
2011–2018
20+
15+
British-Asian
Aylesbury
Thames Valley trial
2006–2015
6 (2015)
2+
British-Asian
Convictions reflect the principal trials; several investigations (e.g. Rotherham’s Operation Stovewood) remain ongoing. Figures from public court records, the named inquiries and the report.
Beyond Pakistani networks
Convictions the report cites involving other backgrounds.
Bristol — Two Somali-origin gangs
Banbury — A mainly African-heritage gang
Chelmsford — Three Iranians
Newcastle — Three Syrians and one Kuwaiti
Somerset — Two Turkish men
Rotherham — A Romanian rape gang
Newcastle — “Operation Sanctuary” — 17 men and one woman of Albanian, Kurdish, Bangladeshi, Indian, Turkish, Iranian, Iraqi, Pakistani and Eastern European heritage
The cost paradox
What the state spends to house a child in care.
£318k
per year — average care home (National Audit Office)
£63k
per year — to send a child to Eton
One children’s home was paid £5,000 a week for a girl it failed to protect. The report argues the failures of social care are not about money, but ideology.
Sentencing: what is, and what the report proposes
Typical rape-gang tariffs against a comparator case and the report's proposed minimums (years).
Report + cited dataCombines official or cited data with the report's own estimates. See the source line below the chart.
Rape-gang sentences (red) typically run 4–12 years, with offenders often serving a third to half. The report proposes life sentences with 50-year (ringleader) and 25-year (participant) minimums (green); the 43-year tariff for the 2017 Finsbury Park van attack is shown for comparison.
Source: Quilliam analysis of 264 convictions; R v Osborne (2018); Rape Gang Inquiry Report recommendations
What the report demands
The inquiry’s recommendations, reproduced as written. Some are highly contested — they are the report’s positions, not endorsements.
→Life sentences for group-based CSE — a minimum of 50 years for ringleaders, 25 for participants.
→Racial/religious motivation, multiple victims, trafficking, rape-pregnancy and filming made statutory aggravating factors.
→Deport every foreign national convicted; strip convicted dual nationals of citizenship automatically.
→A dedicated national CPS unit; charging no longer influenced by “community impact” or fear of racism.
→Visa bans on nationals of countries over-represented in rape-gang convictions.
→Pre-recorded evidence and screens as default for child witnesses; an end to re-traumatising cross-examination.
→Investigate — and, if complicit, close — mosques and organisations that harboured offenders.
→A referendum on the death penalty for the worst cases, called for by Rupert Lowe and others.
Primary sources
The report and the underlying datasets it cites. Figures on this page are not independently verified.